Ramose African Philosophy Through Ubuntu Pdf
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In philosophy, values usually derive from ethical judgments, conclusions from judgments about values, and from judgments about the nature of values and value judgments. However, philosophical theories of ethics often start with a conception of what usually is, or ought to be, good, and then try to derive the good from ethical principles. In general, ethical theorizing at least begins with the proposed conception of a good nature or good existence. This is often followed by proposing an ethical principle for realizing the nature or existence of the good. According to most analyses, the most basic form of value theory is existential, since it seeks to answer the question of what kind of a fully actualized life one should lead. Existentialism, at least in most of its varied forms, argues that the only truly good life, the only worth living, is one grounded in one's self, in one's nature, in one's qualities, and in one's own life. This is often rooted in the idea that only one can fully know what it is to live a good life; any conception of a good life that is not self-conceived is necessarily arbitrary and dependent upon the social conditions in which the judgments of value originated. This is why some values are noticed only after their value systems have been established by law or custom.
The commitment to the goodness of one's own life is widely taken to entail the repudiation of conceptions of human life as the clash of moral values. For existentialism, the clash only exists in as much as there are two fundamentally different conceptions of the good and lives. For racist and anti-racist theories, however, there is no clash, since there is no fundamental incompatibility in the conception of good of the two cultures. To be sure, they are not in complete harmony, not even at a superficial level. Yet, the goal of existentialism is to re-establish the good from the chaos of moral values, while the goal of anti-racist theories is to see progress towards a more unified conception of the good in and of itself, irrespective of its cultural source. d2c66b5586